In the land of the road trip, the marking of town borders becomes a matter of town pride.Towns like to welcome visitors, who may only be passing through, with.Warner Bros. Stars Cagney and Bogart Warner Bros.European affairs before WWII.How a Clarence Darrow statue shows the staying power of the Scopes trial The statue, which will be dedicated Friday, joins one of Darrows opponents and William.The role of Clarence Darrow in the history of the United States of America.Monkey Trial begins Jul 1.In Dayton, Tennessee, the so called Monkey Trial begins with John Thomas Scopes, a young high school science teacher, accused of teaching evolution in violation of a Tennessee state law.The law, which had been passed in March, made it a misdemeanor punishable by fine to teach any theory that denies the story of the Divine Creation of man as taught in the Bible, and to teach instead that man has descended from a lower order of animals.With local businessman George Rappalyea, Scopes had conspired to get charged with this violation, and after his arrest the pair enlisted the aid of the American Civil Liberties Union ACLU to organize a defense.Hearing of this coordinated attack on Christian fundamentalism, William Jennings Bryan, the three time Democratic presidential candidate and a fundamentalist hero, volunteered to assist the prosecution.Monkey Town The Summer Of The Scopes Trial Of 1925' title='Monkey Town The Summer Of The Scopes Trial Of 1925' />Soon after, the great attorney Clarence Darrow agreed to join the ACLU in the defense, and the stage was set for one of the most famous trials in U.S. history. On July 1.Monkey Trial got underway, and within a few days hordes of spectators and reporters had descended on Dayton as preachers set up revival tents along the citys main street to keep the faithful stirred up.Inside the Rhea County Courthouse, the defense suffered early setbacks when Judge John Raulston ruled against their attempt to prove the law unconstitutional and then refused to end his practice of opening each days proceeding with prayer.Outside, Dayton took on a carnival like atmosphere as an exhibit featuring two chimpanzees and a supposed missing link opened in town, and vendors sold Bibles, toy monkeys, hot dogs, and lemonade.The missing link was in fact Jo Viens of Burlington, Vermont, a 5.One of the chimpanzeesnamed Joe Mendiwore a plaid suit, a brown fedora, and white spats, and entertained Daytons citizens by monkeying around on the courthouse lawn.In the courtroom, Judge Raulston destroyed the defenses strategy by ruling that expert scientific testimony on evolution was inadmissibleon the grounds that it was Scopes who was on trial, not the law he had violated.The next day, Raulston ordered the trial moved to the courthouse lawn, fearing that the weight of the crowd inside was in danger of collapsing the floor.In front of several thousand spectators in the open air, Darrow changed his tactics and as his sole witness called Bryan in an attempt to discredit his literal interpretation of the Bible.In a searching examination, Bryan was subjected to severe ridicule and forced to make ignorant and contradictory statements to the amusement of the crowd.On July 2. 1, in his closing speech, Darrow asked the jury to return a verdict of guilty in order that the case might be appealed.Under Tennessee law, Bryan was thereby denied the opportunity to deliver the closing speech he had been preparing for weeks.After eight minutes of deliberation, the jury returned with a guilty verdict, and Raulston ordered Scopes to pay a fine of 1.Although Bryan had won the case, he had been publicly humiliated and his fundamentalist beliefs had been disgraced.Five days later, on July 2.Sunday afternoon nap and never woke up.In 1. 92. 7, the Tennessee Supreme Court overturned the Monkey Trial verdict on a technicality but left the constitutional issues unresolved until 1.U. S. Supreme Court overturned a similar Arkansas law on the grounds that it violated the First Amendment.Inherit the Wind Topics U.S. 1. 91. 3Discussion Questions 1.See Discussion Questions for Use With any Film that is a Work of Fiction.In which court was Scopes tried, a court of law or the court of public opinion Who won the Scopes trialSuggested Response The case was tried in both a court of law and the court of public opinion.The prosecution won a guilty verdict in the court of law.Darrow and the defense won in the court of public opinion and even today, with a resurgence of disbelief in the Theory of Evolution among the public, there is no substantial resistance to teaching the Theory of Evolution in the schools.Creationists now ask school districts to require disclaimers of the scientific accuracy of evolution or the teaching of alternative, allegedly scientific, concepts which they believe are more supportive of the biblical account.Recent court decisions have dealt defeats to this effort based on rulings that creationist theories have no scientific validity and are, in effect, an effort to introduce religious teachings in the schools.See Creationism and the Law from the National Center for Science Education.An additional winner in the Scopes trial was the city of Dayton which became famous as the location of the great debate.The right of the majority in any state to control what children are taught in the.Should there be a difference between the type of control exerted by the state legislatures over what professors can teach in publicly supported colleges and universities as opposed to primary and secondary schools which all children must attend Suggested Response The tradition of academic freedom in universities and institutions of higher learning is ancient.An important role of institutions of higher learning is to foster the creation and development of new ideas.Free and unhampered inquiry is prerequisite to the creation and development of new ideas.Students at these schools are adults and the theory is that they can be trusted to withstand fallacious ideas.For these reasons, academic freedom is an important value in the college and university setting.The public schools, in which childen are being trained in the basic skills and values of society, are not involved in the creation and development of new ideas.Within certain limits, the legislatures can dictate the course of study in elementary and secondary schools.Public school children are very impressionable and there is no need for free and unhampered inquiry into new ideas in their schools.However, even in the public schools, the control of the majority, as expressed through the legislature, is not unlimited.In the U. S., one of the limits is that the state cannot foster the doctrines of any religion or promote any religious belief.This doctrine is called the separation of church and state and its enshrined in the First Amendment to the Constitution.It was made applicable to the states by the 1.Amendment. 4. In the United States and other constitutional democracies, what is the source of the limits on the rights of the majority, acting through their elected officials Suggested Response Consitutions set out limits on the rule of the majority.For example, the First Amendment to the U.S. Constitution provides that Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to petition the Government for a redress of grievances.This applies to the states by virtue of the Fourteenth Amendment.Fundamentalist religion which views the Bible as a.God and the Bible 5.Are the biblical accounts of creation and of the miracles literally trueSuggested Response This question is related to religious belief.Public school teachers probably shouldnt get into it.Parents should discuss this issue with their children in light of their own religious tradition. Install Xen Hypervisor On Ubuntu Software . Is the theory of evolution inconsistent with the biblical account of creation, or, does science merely show how the universe was created without reference to whether it was created by God or by chance or by any other agencySuggested Response This is a question related to religious belief.Public school teachers probably shouldnt get into it.Parents should discuss this issue with their children in light of their own religious tradition.Reliance on tradition vs.In making decisions, what is the proper role for expertise, what is the proper role for common sense, and what is the proper role for tradition To advance the discussion of this question, teachers should give the class the following background.The answer to this question is complicated by the fact that the experts change their positions.Often we read in the newspaper about some new scientific study which shows that practices that doctors had recommended in the past are actually harmful.The change in expert scientific opinion can apply even to fundamental laws of the universe.Newtons clockwork universe held sway for hundreds of years until sciences view of the laws of physics were substantially changed by Einsteins theory of relativity.Darwins Theory of Evolution is one of the most thoroughly tested and confirmed scientific theories that has ever existed.The acid test for a scientific theory is whether or not it suggests hypotheses which can then be tested through experiment or observation.Scientists have verified hypotheses predicted by the Theory of Evolution thousands, perhaps millions, of times.However, all scientific theories are tentative in the sense that they all are subject to being refined or even overthrown by new observations or experiments.Look at what happened to the theories of Newton.On the other hand, scientists arent talking about changing their view of nature to conform to myths or religious texts.Scientists are talking about changing and refining theories to take account of newly discovered facts or the results of new experiments.Nor are they talking about chucking the scientific method, one of the greatest inventions of mankind.The scientific method has yielded amazing results and ranks close to the development of language or the use of tools in its contributions to the quality of human life.Without science, we would not have discovered that diseases were caused by germs and viruses.Without science, we would still be using horses to get around.Without science, there would be no computers, CDs, DVDs, MRIs, CT scans, antibiotics, sky scrapers, or modern sanitation systems.Yet, for centuries, religious authorities fought basic scientific discoveries, such as the idea that the earth revolves around the sun.Galileo was required by the Inquisition of the Catholic Church to recant his scientific discoveries.People often hold themselves out as experts about questions in which there is no clear scientifically verified answer.Examples are many questions of medicine handwriting analysis fingerprint identification etc.Experts can often only give us the best educated guess of the people who have studied their field.Experts have, in the past, maintained some obviously incorrect positions.They told us the earth was flat and that witches can fly on broomsticks.Now, ask the question again and see what the students say.Suggested Response There is no one correct answer.One point that the discussion should cover is that in evaluating an experts opinion or advice, we should try to find out how much of it is based on scientific testing.Is there an inevitable conflict between science and religion Justify your position.Suggested Response This is a question related to religious belief.Public school teachers probably shouldnt get into it, other than to help students with the three points set out in the preceding question which relate to an understanding of the scientific method and its contributions to society.Framing a complete answer to this question should be left for students to resolve in conversation with members of their families.The interest of a majority in any state in preventing the.Should the majority be able to use the public schools to transmit their religious values to their children or must the majority be prevented from doing this to preserve the separation of church and state Suggested Response The majority cannot use the public schools to transmit their religious beliefs.This is an unconstitutional promotion of religion by an agency of the state.Epperson v. Arkansas, 3.
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